Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

This 2025 edition of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Act 47 of 2023, dt. 25-12-2023) presents India’s overhauled law of evidence, poised to replace the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The statute is reproduced verbatim and fully consolidated with commencement notification S.O. 849 (E) dated 23-2-2024 (w.e.f. 1-7-2024), ensuring that every provision reflects the text now in force.

Value-added study aids inside
• A comparative table aligning each section of the 1872 Act with its modern counterpart in the 2023 Adhiniyam
• A flow-chart overview for quick visual navigation of relevancy, admissibility, and burden-of-proof rules
• Concise short comments beneath key clauses—highlighting structural shifts, digital-evidence standards, and reversed presumptions—while retaining full Bare-Act admissibility for examinations

Key reforms at a glance

• Digital & electronic evidence brought to centre stage—QR-coded exhibits, e-signatures, and hash-value authentication
• Reorganised relevancy chapters that streamline fact-in-issue analysis and eliminate archaic illustrations
• Presumptions recalibrated for electronic banking records, blockchain ledgers, and intercepted communications
• Burden of proof clarifications for organised-crime, sexual-offence, and terror-financing prosecutions
• Witness competency & privilege modernised to protect vulnerable victims and shield critical national-security materials
• Expert testimony & forensic science integrated with explicit accreditation guidelines for laboratories and examiners

This edition is particularly suited for

• AIBE candidates and law students transitioning from the 1872 Evidence Act to the 2023 regime
• Judicial officers, prosecutors, defence counsel, and investigators adapting courtroom strategy and charge-sheet drafting to the new admissibility rules
• Compliance teams, fintechs, and digital-storage custodians aligning SOPs with heightened electronic-evidence authentication standards
• Academicians, criminologists, and policy analysts studying India’s evidence-law evolution and its impact on fair-trial guarantees

Presented without expansive commentary yet enriched with targeted explanatory notes, this Bare Act delivers clarity, authenticity, and immediate practical insight—essential for statutory compliance, legal practice, and academic mastery.