Constitution of India As amended by The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023, dt. 28-9-2023

This 2025 edition of The Constitution of India reproduces the foundational document verbatim, fully consolidated through The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023 (dt. 28-9-2023), which introduces one-third reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

For completeness, the volume also reprints the National Commission for Backward Classes (Repeal) Act, 2018 (24 of 2018, w.e.f. 15-8-2018), reflecting the shift of NCBC status to constitutional body under Art. 338-B.

Concise, practice-oriented short comments sit beneath pivotal Articles—flagging judicial milestones, amendment timelines, and cross-references to allied statutes—while preserving strict Bare-Act integrity for examinations and authoritative citation.

Core constitutional coverage

• Preamble, Fundamental Rights, DPSPs & Fundamental Duties—with margin-notes on landmark cases (K.S. Puttaswamy, Minerva Mills, Kesavananda Bharati).

• Parliament & State Legislatures—latest women-reservation carve-outs, delimitation provisos, and anti-defection updates (Tenth Schedule).

• Executive & Judiciary—appointment procedures, NJAC verdict notes, and constitutional status of Tribunals post 2021 reforms.

• Schedules & Appendices—updated Seventh Schedule (Union/State/Concurrent lists), Tenth-Thirteenth Schedules, and table of constitutional amendments (1951-2023).

• Emergency provisions & cooperative federalism—COVID-era financial-emergency debates and GST Council references.

• Glossary & comparative tables—quick lookup of amendment numbers, effective dates, and corresponding Act citations.

This edition is particularly suited for

• UPSC, State-PCS & Judicial-service aspirants needing a clean, up-to-date constitutional text.

• AIBE candidates & law students studying constitutional law, public-policy, and comparative governance.

• Advocates & judges requiring ready citation in writ petitions, PILs, and constitutional-bench references.

• Policy researchers, journalists & civil-society actors tracking women-reservation rollout and federal developments.

Exact Gazette text · pinpoint explanatory notes · zero superfluous commentary—your fastest route to clarity, authenticity and practical insight on India’s living Constitution.